Macro Matters: A Tightrope Between Inflation and Yields
Which macroeconomic trends do we think matter the most? Read through the investment implications in this month’s issue of Macro Matters.
Key takeaways
- Growth
The growth story remains unchanged, with U.S. growth continuing to moderate from above trend levels amid a softening labor market. Activity data measures are not currently indicating a recession, but the pace of job creation has slowed. China’s slowdown is more pronounced and acts as a headwind to global growth. Growth in the European Union (EU) remains challenging and hopes for an EU-wide fiscal expansion should be tempered. - Inflation
Inflation continues to be a headwind, with the U.S. Consumer Price Index remaining stubbornly elevated. EU inflation continues to trend higher. Our secular view is that inflation readings will become more volatile as physical realities begin to bite. As long as real growth trends are solid, this should not be a major concern. - Rates
The interplay between monetary and fiscal policy is driving rates. Fiscal dominance is constraining the potential avenues for central banks as they attempt to execute on their mandates, and this dynamic is most evident in the United States. The Federal Reserve (Fed) is becoming increasingly reluctant to provide forward guidance, which is likely to drive better price discovery and higher bond market volatility, both in the U.S. and globally. - Geopolitics
Geopolitical risks extend beyond the immediate conflicts and are increasingly influencing longer-term supply chain pressures. These pressures should continue to be a dominant driver of markets through their effects on yields and commodities.
Our economic outlook
U.S. growth began to slow in the third quarter, with real consumer spending showing as flat and retail sales declining. Consumer confidence indicators also point to a pullback in sentiment. Households are growing more cautious about the labor market despite policymakers’ view that we are at neutral employment levels.
Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to be a dominant driver of U.S. growth, accounting for roughly one-third of the current year-over-year increase in the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) rate and making up the lion’s share of nonresidential private fixed investment. By contrast, all other forms of nonresidential construction are flatlining. This poses a challenge for policymakers, in an environment where fiscal policy has dominated outcomes and stimulative measures are beginning to level off. In our opinion, this means that monetary policymakers are “stuck.” We expect inflation to remain sticky above target, further complicating the economic outlook.
Outside the U.S., China’s second quarter GDP growth came in at 4.3% year over year, well below the government’s annual target. Industrial production continues to drive China’s economy, but consumer demand remains subdued as the negative wealth effects from the property market bubble persist. Beijing is beginning to ease fiscal austerity, with fewer cuts to government spending and a coordinated package of fiscal and financial support measures potentially on the horizon. The EU remains in a tricky position. China’s trade surplus to the EU region has reached another record high, while the European economy is struggling with sluggish productivity growth and limited policy maneuverability.
Prospective changes to asset allocation:
- Equities
Risk appetite remains constrained by elevated real yields and ongoing geopolitical uncertainty. Second quarter earnings were robust across sectors. Despite a strong earnings season and constructive forward guidance from AI-related sectors, the market is seemingly beginning to question the potential of return on invested capital. Earnings beats and better-than-expected guidance are no longer providing the same tailwind to the AI theme as they once did. We maintain a positive view on broad-based U.S. equities and the eurozone, supported by continued strong valuations. In Japan, we are refining our view further and moving toward more robust allocations within the financials sector. - Fixed income
Real yields are beginning to look more attractive. However, with no immediate monetary or fiscal catalyst on the horizon to push nominal yields lower, we remain neutral on U.S. duration and continue to be underweight the long end of the yield curve. Rates in developed ex-U.S. markets are currently elevated and volatile, but attractive all-in yields are creating compelling opportunities for longer-term entry points. - Commodities and foreign exchange
We continue to favor commodities while broadening the opportunity set. Within energy, we still prefer relative value exposures over directional positioning given persistent geopolitical uncertainty. We are constructive on industrial metals and favor a modest overweight to agricultural commodities as underlying fundamentals soften. Within currencies, we remain positive on select economies supported by favorable growth dynamics, orthodox monetary policy, and attractive starting interest rate levels.
Multi-asset allocation views:
These multi-asset views reflect tilts to our strategic asset allocation models and are based on a 6- to 12-month time horizon, driven by both quantitative and fundamental research.
+ (Overweight on overall asset class)
= (Neutral on overall asset class)
– (Underweight on overall asset class)
Forward investment implications:
| Equities |
Sector-specific commentary | |
| Overall: | We favor a barbell approach, blending quality and sentiment, as real yields continue to act as a headwind for risk appetite. | |
| EM | We remain selectively positive in technology-sensitive areas. | |
| Eurozone | We have a positive view on the eurozone equity market, as rates are expected to fall—and with a valuation tailwind. | |
| Japan | We are beginning to shift exposure toward more defensive Japanese sectors such as financials. | |
| U.S. | We prefer broad-based U.S. equity exposure. | |
| Fixed income |
Sector-specific commentary | |
| Overall: | We remain cautious on the long end of interest rate curves in the U.S. while selectively favoring European bonds. | |
| U.S. | We prefer the intermediate part of the curve, which should be less sensitive to growth and inflation revisions, but we continue to remain underweight the long end. | |
| Eurozone | Eurozone bonds have a tailwind from overly hawkish monetary policy guidance in our view, particularly at the front of the curve. | |
| Japan | We maintain a neutral stance on Japanese government bonds. | |
| EM | We continue to favor EM debt over the medium term, supported by a significant carry cushion and orthodox monetary policy. | |
| Currencies (FX) | Sector-specific commentary | |
| USD | We continue to favor the U.S. dollar as a strong portfolio diversifier, as it looks attractive relative to select developed markets. | |
| EUR | Despite the repricing of interest rates with rate-hike expectations, we expect the euro to be under pressure from very low growth. | |
| EM |
We remain selectively positive on high-growth, low-inflation emerging market currencies. |
|
| Commodities | Sector-specific commentary | |
| Oil | We continue to manage our views on energy exposure fluidly, having moved from favoring directional positioning to preferring relative value exposures. | |
| Precious metals | We remain neutral on precious metals and lean toward continued tactical management of this exposure. | |
| Industrial metals | We continue to favor managing this exposure tactically. We have a positive view over the medium term, but we see near-term headwinds for metals. | |
| Agriculture |
We remain positive on agriculture commodities, albeit with several idiosyncratic risks on the horizon. |
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Related insights
The Atlanta Fed’s gross domestic product (GDP) tracker (formally called GDPNow) is a real-time estimate of U.S. economic growth produced by the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. It is a model-based, continuously updated forecast of real U.S. GDP growth for the current quarter, expressed at an annualized rate.
Carry refers to the net return earned from holding an asset over time, independent of price movements, after accounting for the costs of financing or maintaining that position.
Curve steepener refers to a change in the yield curve where the difference between long-term interest rates and short-term interest rates increases, making the yield curve steeper.
Duration is a measurement of the sensitivity of a bond’s price to changes in Treasury yields. A fund’s duration is the weighted average of duration of the bonds in the portfolio. Duration should be interpreted as the approximate change in a bond’s (or fund’s) price for a 100-basis-point change in Treasury yields. Duration is based on historical performance and does not represent future results.
Hedging a bond means using a separate investment to offset the potential risks of the bond.
The Nikkei Stock Average (Nikkei 225) is composed of 225 stocks selected from domestic common stocks in the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a leading benchmark for Japanese equities.
The Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index reflects changes in the prices of goods and services purchased by consumers in the U.S. It is part of the Personal Income and Outlays Report issued by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce. You cannot invest directly in an index.
The Purchasing Manager’s Index (PMI) is an economic indicator that measures the health of a country’s manufacturing or services sector.
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Diversification does not ensure or guarantee better performance and cannot eliminate the risk of investment losses.
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